make a dockerfile

$ cat Dockerfile
FROM debian:buster

RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends apt-cacher-ng \
&& apt-get clean \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

VOLUME ["/var/cache/apt-cacher-ng"]
EXPOSE 3142

CMD chmod 777 /var/cache/apt-cacher-ng \
&& /etc/init.d/apt-cacher-ng start \
&& tail -f /var/log/apt-cacher-ng/*

build an image

$ sudo docker build -t apt-cacher-ng:buster . | tee build.log
$ sudo docker tag apt-cacher-ng:buster apt-cacher-ng:latest

run a container

$ sudo docker run --rm -d -p 3142:3142 -v /mnt/apt-cacher-ng:/var/cache/apt-cacher-ng apt-cacher-ng:latest

test the address and port

$ curl 192.168.xxx.xxx:3142

how to use the cache server

specify it in a config file

$ cat << END | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01proxy
> Acquire::http::Proxy "http://192.168.xxx.xxx:3142/";
> END

specify it in command line

$ http_proxy=http://192.168.xxx.xxx:3142/ sudo -E apt-get install xxxx

or

$ sudo su -
# http_proxy=http://192.168.xxx.xxx:3142/ apt-get install xxxx

for docker build

$ sudo docker build --build-arg http_proxy=http://192.168.xxx.xxx:3142/ -t imagename:tagname . | tee build.log